Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Music to my ears

Last Saturday was hardly special.  I was in our office store room,  removing the contents of a trunk, keeping what I wanted and discarding what was of no possible use.  A moth-eaten blanket (“keep until fully destroyed, for sentiment”), a book in excellent condition (“give away”), the odd accounts file (“did I actually pay so much as tax in 1998 ?”), a few long-playing records…..

I slackened the cleaning pace, for this was the best part.  Each LP was special, suffused with memories that emerged from the record itself, much like the genie did from a lamp, images, movement and colour that the mind could see through its sepia-tinted lens.  Each memory was from a childhood not so long ago, one that could not ever come back, for the times have gone as have the people.  And I, much against my will, grew up long ago (well, not so long ago). 

There is nothing wrong in living in the past, if the past has no bitterness to offer, no jealousy to adorn you with, no recrimination and no ‘if-I-hadn’t-done-that, imagine-where-I-would-have-been-now’.  The past  is inspirational, motivating, exhilirating, immersed in exaggeration and the starkness of colour in sepia.  This morning, as I picked up a record with the photograph of a large pot-bellied man on the jacket and the name Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavathar, the colour in the sepia emerged.  Staring out of the window, it was an easy journey to 1973

We were at the home of Menon Uncle in Tinsukia, Assam – amongst the millions of Menons encircling the planet and leaving their indelible mark, he was ‘Tinsukia Menon’, a one-and-only tag that was about as astute a definition as any.  It was a home on the first floor of a rather peculiar angular building owned by Marwaris, of which community Tinsukia Menon was a honorary and esteemed member.  Perhaps it was Saturday evening, as it generally used to be on our visits there.  The men – him, my father and an eight-year old who would act like an adult – in one room, the women – four of them, Indira Aunty, two of her three daughters in their late teens or early twenties and Mum – in another.  Some laughter and small talk from the women, subdued conversation from the men as, with an air of expectation and ceremony, Menon Uncle removed the record from its jacket with care and placed it on the mast of the record player. 

The steps were routine:
Switch on the record player.  Lock the record in, by closing the ‘gate’. Drag the starter lever, along a semi-circle until the ‘click’.  The mechanism then got into action, as the record dropped six inches onto the turntable, the hand with the needle moved a good forty-five degrees until it was over the record, and gently settled on the corner. 

With a hiss –and the odd stratch – the record began to play. 

The music, to the ears of the uninitiated, was rather odd.  The voice was old and a touch out of breath, yet Uncle and Dad were in a different world, and that was enough for a child who wanted to be a grown-up.  For Chembai was no ordinary singer; he represented a generation of Carnatic legends, devout yet iconoclastic, loving yet despotic, immutable yet open to change.  Stories about him were part of music folklore and were shared with awe by the men; the boy soaked it all in, as if he understood.  A story on his refusal to play in Guruvayoor because of a problem with money, after which he lost his voice.  To regain which, he sat outside the temple doors and prayed that he would sing upon which the Lord, needless to add, heard his feelngs and granted his voice back.  Of his affection for his disciple, Yesudas, a Christian who mastered the nuances of Carnatic music.  Of his animosity to film music that he derided as banal.  Of his stringent standards and harsh, yet constructive, criticism of accompanying musicians in public.  And so on….

Indira Aunty – dimunitive, cheery and gentle –interrupted the reverie with a snack or two.  My personal favourite at their home was puffed rice with sugar and coconut and the ubiquitous mixture was always no more than an arm’s length away to enrich the evening.  When the needle reached the end of the record, Menon Uncle stood up with a sigh of satisfaction, and replaced the record with another.  This time it was Balachander’s mellifluous veena or possibly Semmangudi or ML Vasanthi Kumari, all names now etched in the receding memory of an antediluvian connoisseur.  The music ended before dinner, yet the rhythm, the incantation, the humming stayed on in the mind of the little boy who was, for that evening, a grown-up.     
As with most music, the more I listened to Menon Uncle’s enviable collection of Carnatic music -  Chembai, MS Subbalakshmi, Chittibabu’s veena – the more it grew on me.  Dad’s collection of records was good too and he and I spent some very happy hours listening to music that I could not even begin to comprehend, yet the fondest memories I have are of that large room on the first floor in Tinsukia, the quiet company of the two men and their music.

 In the year or two before we moved out of Assam, Menon Uncle had begun collecting spool tapes.  This was new and thrilling, and as Dad resisted buying a tape recorder, I looked forward to the evenings in Tinsukia. It was there that I first heard – on tape -  John Higgins, the American who had made India his home and Carnatic music his mission.  Higgins’ singing was more Indian than most, and we collectively marvelled at the commitment and talent of the man.  And, much to Menon Uncle’s disapproval, it was in his home that I heard my favourite song from Anurodh, a Rajesh Khanna film, again on spool, his daughters having persuaded him to lower his standards for the bourgeois.

Years later, we moved to Bangalore.  Dad gave his rather bulky record player – with its distinctive fragrance of vinyl and wood – away.  It was a heart breaking moment for me as, I am sure, it was for him as well.  When Menon Uncle followed us to Bangalore a few years later, record players and spools had given way to audio tapes and he too gave away his collection.  On the odd occasion when we met, our conversation would veer around to the progression in Carnatic music.  A tape would be fished out to make a point.  Yet, there was no sepia anymore.  The magic of the music remained, yet the magic of the experience had diminished. 


I put the record back in its jacket and closed the trunk.  My cleaning for the month had been done. 



Tuesday, June 4, 2013

Keynes Goes to the Market

John Maynard Keynes, to the uninitiated, was the Numero Uno of Economics, the original thinker, with a particular bias to common sense.  Among his finest pieces of scholarship was the assertion that what is good for the individual need not be – often decidedly is not – good for the country’s economy.  An outstanding illustration of this is a recessionary economy.  When times are bad, people cut back on expenses and enter a state of monetary hibernation.  The country cannot and should not do that; on the contrary it must spend more, possibly on public goods and services.  Such an expenditure, though it creates a deficit,  acts as a stimulus to restart the process of development. 

In 1930, when Mahatma Gandhi was building the foundation for a fairer and ecologically just society, Keynes – possibly he was influenced by Gandhi, possibly not – wrote:
            “Now it is true that the needs of human beings may seem to be insatiable.  But they fall into two classes – those needs which are absolute in the sense that we feel them whatever the situation of our fellow human beings may be, and those which are relative in the sense that we feel them only if their satisfaction lifts us above others, makes us feel superior to our fellows.”

            He went on to argue that if world output grew another ten-fold, humanity’s absolute needs would be abundantly satisfied, but because it is impossible for everyone to do better than everyone else, relative gains for everyone would remain as impossible as ever.  We can therefore, by the acquisition of things, be temporarily superior to another – perhaps for a day or even less – but we come up against someone in our peer group who is better off in a relative way.  What is meant to make us happy, he implied, actually does the reverse.

Prophetic.

At the start of the twenty-first century, most of the developed countries had indeed achieved a ten-fold increase in real income (that is, keeping the value of money at 1930 prices).  People who live in these countries, and in the glittering metropolis’ of the developing world (such as Bangalore) have an abundant supply of all sorts of products and services they could possibly want.  These things have been made at an immense ecological cost, a cost which is not counted or allocated to their bill of material.  It is a cost that has put our planet’s future at risk.
…and yet, here’s the funny part,  study after laborious study shows that rich people around the planet are rarely happy.

So, just what are we hurting ourselves for?

For eighty three years, we have not listened to the wisdom of John Maynard Keynes.  Can we start today?

Reduce your consumption – it’s the least you can do for your planet.