Monday, February 24, 2014

For Whom the Bells Toll 'Bong'

“…and let me tell you something you don’t know,” the short, dark, tubby man said, half rising from his chair, glaring at me with bloodshot eyes and thumping the table with his fist in anger, “when I was at IIT, I once got into a fight and killed a fellow.  I am capable of doing it again.” Now, you might expect me to be alarmed by this, but to those who knew Dhruv Jyoti Das it was as innocuous a statement as expressing an urgent need to use the washroom.  I suppressed a smile with some difficulty, for his face was a comical sight and, of course, this only made him madder.

No one who has met Das can ever forget him.  We had funded  DJ (as the humanoid was affectionately called) a small sum of seed money to develop a technology where he added a product resembling thermocool to concrete and then applied this on the roofs of tobacco-curing barns, saving a whole lot of energy.  The farmer would pay for this and, from then on, save the equivalent money in firewood costs in a single tobacco season; the Tobacco Board was as excited as the farmers were, there was no competition in the market, the pricing was immensely profitable and my company obviously believed that we had a winner. 

…till we got to know Das well (which took about ten minutes on the outside).  He was a dark, balding, paunchy fellow, with a clipped, bushy moustache that enhanced a permanent scowl.  He was as short in height as he was on the basics of finance and, indeed, as he was on temper and, by the time I joined the company, my colleague was searching for a basket to throw his towel in.  On my first day at the venture fund -  in 1992 - I was asked to take over the monitoring of our investment in Jyoti Agrotherm, and SNS, for he was that colleague, promised all support (SNS was never one to miss out on good, clean fun, albiet from a respectful distance).
DJ lost little time in letting me know just who was the boss in the room and meetings with him remain etched in memory.  Cheryl, our irrepressible receptionist, would call on the intercom, when he walked into our office with an authoritative stride.  In her sparkling, formal tone, she’d inform me of his arrival, but would immediately depart into the recesses of the office, coughing as she suppressed her laughter at hearing me groan and complain.  For, at every meeting that DJ had with us, there would be a general increase in the room temperature, owing to his entirely ridiculous demands from us, rather needless aggression and the absence of any progress on the project.  As he got agitated (over everything), he’d begin to talk loudly, even shout, his tummy swaying with animated fervour, hands gesticulating wildly, often pounding each other or the table, and indignance rendering him speechless with anger, while his moustache did a delicate dance of emotion.  He once began drooling out of the corner of his mouth, and I wondered if he was having a heart attack or if there was something behind me – a poster perhaps -  that I should know about, but I dared not ask, just in case he’d throw an excited fist in my direction.

I learnt to take some of this in my stride, yet most of those in office – we had a staff of about thirty then – found the performance supremely entertaining.  Our conference room had a half-glass partition and a lazy afternoon presented everyone a perfect opportunity to walk by and sneak a look at a fuming DJ from the corner of one’s eyes, giving the waiting minions an update leading to a collective doubling up in laughter, which I’d clearly hear.  On his leaving the office, I would be surrounded by colleagues who’d want a detailed Minutes-of-the-Meeting tabled immediately, with stereophonic sound and special effects. 

The only person DJ was scared of was his formidable wife - a nominee on the company board -  whose name I now thankfully cannot recall.  As a little child reading Amar Chitra Katha comics, I had nightmares of Shurpanakha, yet never believed that something like that apparition could approach reality, but it did.  On one occasion when I was stupid enough to agree to a Board Meeting at their home, the husband was joined by his wife in a no-holds-barred verbal assault on my employer.  We were, I was informed, the single biggest reason for the company’s failure by not agreeing to invest more money and asking for ridiculous reports such as a Income Statement or expecting to make profits from such a venture.  As the lady raised her voice, I noticed DJ recede into a hitherto-unseen shell, much as an wolf would on seeing a leopard.  He emerged about half an hour later and spent a few minutes calming her down, making me believe that, with adequate training and possibly a gene transplant, he could become human one day.

Now, all this meant that the company could only go in one direction and indeed it did.  When he owed enough creditors sufficient sums of money, DJ did the disappearing act one morning leaving us to file a winding-up petition, which exercise probably cost more than the investment in the company.  Yet, for everyone in the company, me possibly excluded, the investment had generated an incalculable Return on Investment. 

Many years later, sitting in front of a furious young Mr. Mehta in another office, I wondered if I had signed on for The-Reincarnation-of-DJ-Das or that the Higher Power had singled me out for treatment on account of some past unforgivable sin.  But I shall leave that story for another day…..

 

  

Saturday, February 8, 2014

The Case Against Sugar

In the first week of January 2014, a group of medical and nutritional experts in the U.K. launched a rather unusual initiative called ‘Action On Sugar’ to influence the food industry to reduce added sugar in foods by 40% over four years.  If anything, this was long overdue.  Across the Western World and increasingly in India, sugar is emerging as the single biggest cause of a growing lifestyle disease epidemic.  India, I read, is the World’s largest consumer of sugar and with a growing appetite for junk food; Pepsi recently announced an investment of about five billion dollars (rupees thirty thousand crores) in helping us on our collective way to the hospital. The Action on Sugar needs to originate here.

Refined sugar is a relatively new invention to the World and is newer to India.  In our country in the 1970s, when I was growing up, sugar was rationed carefully and it was common for the poorer economic sections of society to drink their tea without it; indeed I clearly remember my gardener drinking his tea, with a piece of jaggery by the side, that he’d bite into once in a way.  Historically, sweets (or ‘sweetmeats’ as Indian sweet dishes were called) were consumed on special occasions and made with jaggery.  Acreage under sugarcane in India grew dramatically in the 1970s, with irrigation support and the green revolution, and sugar has since been widely and easily available – interestingly, this is the period in which obesity, blood pressure and illnesses resulting out of a sedentary, rich-food lifestyle have made their firm presence in all of urban India and in parts of rural India as well. 

Refined sugar has no nutrition at all and is a source of completely unnecessary calories; there are multiple sources of sweet carbohydrates in every part of India that have higher nutrition.  Sugar is known to be addictive as well: in a French study in 2007, it was reported that when rats were given the choice between sugar and cocaine, they chose sugar overwhelmingly.  Even the rats that had been given cocaine over a period, to get them addicted to it, seemed to prefer sugar.  There is enough anecdotal evidence of this in our lives as well; the craving for a sugary dessert after a meal can be intense and continuous.  While sweet dishes as dessert after every meal, rather than a fruit, are conspicuously sugary, it is the insidious addition of sugar to human diet that has caused the addiction.  All of us, children in particular, consume sugar in most processed foods: sauces and ketchup, ‘healthy’ juices that have added sugar, brown and white beverages, cookies and bakery products, junk food and bread spreads.  

As I began to study the health effects of sugar, there was as much learning as there was worry; what follows in this paragraph must make us sit up and take notice.  Refined sugar is obviously a major contributor to obesity and is a toxin for those with diabetes.  In addition, a US study by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta and Harvard School of Public Health showed a link between high levels of sugar consumption and a 275% percent higher relative risk of dying from cardiovascular disease where refined sugar consumption was about a quarter or more of a person’s calorie intake.  Dr. Aseem Malhotra, an eminent cardiologist in the UK who is leading the fight against sugar, suspects that sugar causes the liver to produce more uric acid, and this leads to high blood pressure and much of the resultant illnesses, including dementia.  Sugar, he further adds, could be as inimical to the liver as alcohol, contributing to a non-reversable condition called non-alcohol fatty liver disease – the second biggest cause of liver failure after alcohol (which, by the way, is from sugar as well!). Others point to a possible role that sugar could be playing in some cancers.  No wonder then that Professor Simon Capewell of the University of Liverpool’s Institute of Psychology, Health and Society labels sugar ‘the new tobacco’.  Much of this information has been known for years, but it all came together to make a compelling case only with the increased focus in the Western World on public health which now centres around the consumption of toxic junk, including refined sugar.

So, how much sugar is OK to consume?
In January 2014, a peer-reviewed article in the Journal of Dental Research suggested that added sugars should not be more than five per cent of calorie intake, to protect teeth and gums and most health specialists agree with this estimate.  This means a maximum of six teaspoons of sugar for a person consuming two thousand calories a day.  To most of us, this will mean a lifestyle change.  Remember the sugar you consume in your tea or coffee is part of the story and much of the sugar you consume is involuntary, as you eat processed food: as a yardstick for comparison, a can of any of the cola brands in the market contains the equivalent of nine spoons of sugar (actually, high fructose corn syrup, a cheaper alternative to sugar, but with the same deleterious effects), which is your quota for a day and a half. 

It is time to act now – individually and collectively - to neutralise an avoidable epidemic. Cut your sugar to the minimum – it’s the least you can do to help yourself.